Automotive Review

Audi of America, Inc. officially announced plans today for the arrival of the all-new 2015 Audi A3 sedan. Coming to showrooms in the first quarter of 2014, the Audi A3 sedan will bring to the A segment new innovative technologies and the detailed craftsmanship found in larger flagship Audi sedans. The A3 sedan offers versatile powertrains for a wide variety of entry-luxury customer tastes including a 1.8 TFSI®, 2.0 TFSI®, 2.0 TDI® clean diesel and the high performance S3 with a high-output 2.0 TFSI®.

Audi of America also confirmed today that it will be adding to the all-new A3 family by offering the A3 Sportback with a plug-in gasoline electric hybrid (PHEV) model in the U.S. market. Audi recently revealed the A3 Sportback e-tron at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. This vehicle demonstrates the production intent of e-tron using plug in hybrid technology, a practical first step towards electrified driving which mitigates the range anxiety concerns associated with most full battery electric vehicles. The e-tron® name denotes any Audi electric vehicle with plug-in capabilities. The A3 e-tron shown in Geneva displayed a power train with a combined 204 hp and 258 lb-ft torque.

“The Audi A3 will set the new benchmark among entry-level luxury sedans,” said Scott Keogh, President, Audi of America. “This A3 line-up redefines the standards of its class in dynamics, efficiency, technology, craftsmanship and performance.” 

With the first generation A3, Audi established a whole new market segment – the premium Sportback compact class vehicle. Its quality, equipment, dynamic capabilities and value were adopted from larger Audi vehicles with an extra measure of sportiness and utility inherent in the 5 door Sportback bodystyle. The third generation Audi A3 continues this tradition combined with the first production Audi e-tron vehicle. 

The Audi A3 sedan breaks the boundaries and raises the bar as to what is expected out of entry-level luxury sedans. The A3 marks the first time that an A-segment vehicle will offer MMI® technology, Audi drive select, 4G LTE connectivity and Bang & Olufsen® audio. 

Even the base model of the all-new premium Audi A3 comes equipped with standard features that include leather upholstery, Bluetooth® technology, rain sensing wipers, Audi pre sense basic and a panoramic glass sunroof. 

In addition to the standard technologies, the Audi A3 sedan will feature new, segment first technologies. One key example is the implementation of the new NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU). The NVIDIA GPU generates complex three-dimensional images used in all online, voice control, media navigation and telephone functions. Fundamentally, the Tegra® graphics processor powers tablets and other mobile devices and is also used in 3D gaming and various medical applications. Another industry first includes the Audi phone box. The Audi phone box is a compartment located under the center armrest that boosts a mobile phone’s cellular coverage by wirelessly coupling to a specialized antenna in the rear windshield.

The A3 sedan has been further enhanced thanks to numerous engineering improvements under the hood. The A3 model line offers four different engine variants including the 170 horsepower 1.8 TFSI, and 150 horsepower 2.0 TDI clean diesel, and a low and high-output 2.0 TFSI used in the A3 quattro and S3 quattro respectively. Horsepower figures for the 2.0 TFSI engines will be available closer to launch. All engines are mated to the standard 6-speed S tronic® transmission which provides the driver immense shifting flexibility and driving pleasure with smooth, dynamic acceleration and virtually no interruption to the power flow. 

New to the A3, the Audi drive select allows the driver to adjust throttle response, shift points, and the electromechanical steering effort. Similar to other Audi models, Audi drive select has four settings that include Auto, Dynamic, Comfort and Individual. 

The new platform allows the front wheels to move forward by roughly 1.5 inches (compared to the previous generation A3) to provide well-balanced proportions, supplemented by optimized interior space utilization, and an improved crash structure.

The front suspension is a MacPherson design with A-arms and aluminum pivot bearings. It is joined to an aluminum subframe. The electromechanically assisted steering system operates sensitively and efficiently together with various assistance systems, while reducing mechanical drag for greater efficiency. In the four-link rear suspension for the gasoline models, which utilizes a steel crossmember, the springs and shock absorbers are mounted separately. 

The electronic stabilization control (ESC) also includes an electronic differential lock. When driving through curves, it can brake the inside front wheel very slightly to help minimize understeer and improve traction. 

The exterior has been completely redesigned and specifically tailored to meet the sedan preferences of the American market. The Audi A3 stretches 175.5 inches in length and has a 103.4 inch wheelbase. Combined with its 70 inch width and 55.7 inch height, its proportions are compact but very sporty and nearly resemble the original Audi A4 from 1994. 

The signature Singleframe® grille and available full-LED headlights, another first for the A-segment, are some of the notable design changes included in the all-new Audi A3 sedan. 

The athletic exterior of the A3 extends inside, where Audi maintains its leading role in automotive interior design and craftsmanship. The defining element is the “wraparound” dash design, which incorporates an innovative three-dimensional inlay concept surrounding the driver and front passenger. The available LED interior lighting package highlights the immense craftsmanship and attention to detail that goes into every Audi A3 interior. This is accomplished by bathing the interior in a cool white LED light surrounding the center console, door panels, cupholders, and even the Bang & Olufsen Sound System when so equipped.

The A3 delivers the same prestige and high-quality materials found in Audi’s flagship sedan, the A8 with standard leather seating surfaces and exceptional ergonomics. The MMI operating system has an electronically extending screen, its terminal housed in the console of the center dashboard. It features a 7-inch high resolution display screen with magnesium backing that is less than ½ inch thick. To further enhance the driving experience, the new MMI controls are conveniently positioned behind the gear shift. They now offer the first touch pad incorporated into the rotary MMI control wheel, which offers an intuitively and simple operation typical of the brand with the four rings. Now with the optional 705 watt 14-speaker Bang & Olufsen Sound System, all occupants in the A3 can enjoy the best in acoustics. 

The Audi A3 now offers several advanced technology features which are new to the entry luxury segment, including the standard Audi pre sense basic system which helps detect when an emergency maneuver is being made and prepares the vehicle and its occupant restraint systems in advance of a possible collision. The Audi A3 also offers an optional driver assistance package, which includes Audi side assist, and adaptive cruise control with stop and go.

The modular infotainment platform in the Audi A3 also brings several upgrades to the industry leading Audi connect® service. Audi’s connected vehicle strategy targets features and services that enhance the driving experience for Audi drivers and their passengers by providing the benefits of access to information and content, when needed, through interfaces designed for the in-vehicle environment. Already, Audi is a leader with integrated high-speed mobile broadband in the vehicle. Now with 4G/LTE technology in the Audi A3, customers will be able to connect with a network capable of supporting data rates of up to 150 Mbit/s downstream and considerably faster response times. Using the existing Wi-Fi connectivity for up to 8 devices, passengers can now view high-definition videos and make video conference calls from the vehicle. Adding to the existing Google Earth™ 3D satellite imagery and intelligent POI search with Google Voice™ Local Search, the Audi A3 introduces a new Picture Navigation service. Here the driver can save photos of destinations, which are linked to geo-navigation data (GPS), in the “photo box” of MMI Navigation plus. These may be the driver’s own photos or scenes from Google Maps Street View. Photos can be imported via an SD card or a myAudi account. A new app integration interface over Wi-Fi for music streaming and other connected device apps, voice-controlled social media features, and a completely redesigned user MMI interface allows drivers and passengers to continue to enjoy a connected lifestyle while in the vehicle without handling devices.

The A3 Sportback e-tron from Audi is a latest-generation plug-in-hybrid car. The premium compact vehicle will go on sale from 2014 and is a genuine Audi. It combines sporty power with impressive efficiency and abundant driving enjoyment with unrestricted everyday utility. The A3 Sportback e-tron offers 150 kW (204 hp) of system power and achieves average consumption of only 1.5 liters per 100 kilometers (156.81 US mpg) of gasoline. In the electric mode its operating range is up to 50 kilometers (31.07 miles), with the TFSI engine adding a further 890 kilometers (553.02 miles).

From 0 to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) in 7.6 seconds and a top speed of 222 km/h (137.94 mph) – the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron adds an extra highlight to the sporty character of the compact premium car line. In accordance with the ECE standard for plug-in hybrid vehicles, its average CO2 emissions are a mere 35 grams per km (56.33 g/mile) – equivalent to consumption of 1.5 liters of fuel per 100 kilo-meters (156.81 US mpg).

Thanks to the ultra lightweight construction philosophy of Audi, the unladen five-door model complete with all electrical components weighs less than 1,580 kilo-grams (3,483.30 lb), with space for five occupants and plenty of cargo. It comes complete with all the brand’s strengths – elegant design, sporty chassis, top-notch ergonomics, excellent build quality and an extensive choice of high-end assistance and infotainment systems.

The 1.4 TFSI combustion engine is one of the most modern power units of Audi. Inside the engine compartment, looking in the direction of travel, it is positioned a few centimeters further to the right than usual, to create space for the high-voltage components. Its crankcase is made from diecast aluminum, weighing little more than 100 kilograms (220.46 lb).

The four-cylinder engine is state of the art in every respect – its low frictional losses, its turbocharger, its intercooler and its thermal management. One special feature is the way the exhaust manifold is integrated into the cylinder head. After a cold start, it brings the coolant swiftly up to operating temperature. At high loads the water jacket lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Thanks to the high electric range of up to 50 kilometers (31.07 miles), many customers will only rarely experience the gasoline engine of the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron in action. Another effect of the plug-in hybrid concept is that the TFSI is often only activated in kickdown situations, and is therefore subjected to high loads while still cold. For that reason, the developers have equipped it with a variety of protective features. These include modified cylinder liners and piston rings, plus a sensor to measure oil quality.

Developing 110 kW (150 hp) and 250 Nm (184.39 lb-ft), the 1.4 TFSI is a powerful unit. It supplies peak torque across the entire speed range from 1,750 through 4,000 rpm, thus harmonizing excellently with the electric motor. The maximum of 330 Nm (243.40 lb-ft) is available virtually from the off, and is maintained constantly across a broad speed range up to about 2,200 rpm. Its maximum output is 75 kW. The system output of the A3 Sportback e-tron is 150 kW (204 hp), and system torque is 350 Nm (258.15 lb-ft). With the combination of electric motor and combustion engine, an overall operating range of up to 940 kilometers (584.09 miles) is possible. And its road performance is unwaveringly sporty: It takes a mere 4.9 seconds to sprint from 0 to 60 km/h (37.28 mph). The electric motor is a permanently excited synchronous machine. It weighs 34 kilograms (74.96 lb) and is liquid-cooled via a cooling jacket in the stator. The electric motor is located between the engine’s dual-mass flywheel and the newly developed separating clutch, the K0 clutch. When the TFSI starts, it is tow-started by the electric motor via the clutch. As soon as the former has achieved the same speed as the electric motor, the clutch is opened. This smooth, highly precise process takes place within half a second.

Together with the K0 separating clutch, the electric motor is integrated into a newly designed six-speed e-S tronic, which transfers the power to the front wheels. Like all Audi dual-clutch transmissions, it consists of two subsidiary transmissions that are served by the two multi-plate clutches K1 and K2. Gears are shifted by switching the clutches. This takes just a few hundredths of a second and happens without any noticeable interruption in propulsive power. Depending on the level of charge, the voltage ranges between 280 and 390 volts. The battery consists of 96 prismatic cells arranged into eight modules of twelve cells each. Including the electronic components – the battery management controller and the battery junction box – the battery system weighs 125 kilograms (275.58 lb). Its housing is bolted to the vehicle floor at five points, and the lower shell is made from aluminum.

An elaborate liquid cooling system ensures that the battery is kept within a suitable temperature range during operation. Drivers of the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron will be able to start electrically in hot summer conditions and at sub-zero winter temperatures alike. Four cooling plates regulate the temperature of the high-voltage battery’s eight modules. The cooling system represents a separate low-temperature circuit in the car and runs on a separate cooler housed in the engine compartment. If need be, it can be connected to the air conditioning system and even divided into two subsidiary circuits.

In the event of a crash sufficiently severe to trigger the belt tensioners or airbags, the entire system is disconnected from the power supply. The flat-shaped battery is installed under the rear bench seat – an area where the high-strength and ultra-high-strength steel components of the occupant cell form an especially strong structure. Its housing and interior structure are equally of a very sturdy design.

The 12-volt battery for the low-voltage consumers and the 40-liter (10.57 US gallons) fuel tank are located above the rear axle. Both components barely impinge on the trunk of the A3 Sportback e-tron – in the standard configuration it measures 280 liters (9.89 cubic ft) and 1,120 liters (39.55 cubic ft) with the rear seat backs down.

Audi supplies the A3 Sportback e-tron with a universal charging lead as standard. The customer can interchange the connecting plugs so that the lead can be used both with domestic power sockets and with industrial power sockets, for full charging performance. These connecting plugs are country-specific in design, so that the A3 Sportback e-tron can be recharged anywhere in the world.

For easy use at home, the charging lead can be clipped into a wall-mounted holder. Even this holder has an Audi design, and as well as being a convenient way to store and use the lead, it is lockable. The charging equipment is thus protected against theft even when kept outdoors.

The charging lead supplies the car with alternating current from the grid via the charging connection, which is in the Singleframe grille behind the fold-out four rings. As well as a status LED, the unit includes two pushbuttons allowing the user to choose between timer-controlled charging and immediate charging. In the car, the alternating current fed in by the charger is converted into direct current for the battery.

From an industrial power socket, it takes slightly more than two hours to charge the battery fully. From a normal domestic power socket in Europe, the charging process takes about three hours and 45 minutes. Audi is working intensively on a joint project with a supplier of renewable power, because electric driving only makes ecological sense if such power is available.

Another medium-term project of Audi is automatic charging without physical contacts, referred to as Audi wireless charging. Here the charging process involves an alternating magnetic field between the stationary charging pad on the ground and the mobile charging pad in the car, similar to the principle used by an electric toothbrush.

The power electronics, located in the engine compartment, then convert the stored direct current into three-phase current for the electric motor. It has six high-performance transistors for this task. The power electronics, which include a DC/DC converter for connecting up the vehicle’s 12-volt electrical system, are compact and light in weight. They have a total volume of 8 liters (0.28 cubic ft) and weigh 10 kilograms (22.05 lb). Together with the charger, it is incorporated into the same cooling circuit as the traction battery.

There are yet more special components for electric driving. The air conditioning compressor has an electric drive integrated into the high-voltage network. A thermoelectric heating element and a gasoline-powered auxiliary heater round off the interior heating system.

The hybrid management is configured to function in harmony with the electric motor. Up to medium loads the electric motor, now functioning as alternator, largely handles retardation. The energy that it recovers is fed into the traction battery. The wheel brakes only become active if the driver presses the pedal more forcefully.

Braking recuperation is just one of several operating statuses of the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron. The car is almost always started electrically, even at very low temperatures, in extremely hot conditions or when battery charge is very low. The electric motor’s high torque enables the sporty compact car to accelerate away powerfully. It goes from 0 to 60 km/h (37.28 mph) in 4.9 seconds – with quiet but forceful propulsion.

In the electric mode the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron can travel at up to 130 km/h (80.78 mph) – it could go faster, but that would not be efficient. When traveling at a constant 100 km/h (62.14 mph), generally only the electric motor is active provided there is sufficient energy in the battery. As soon as the driver steps hard on the accelerator, for instance to overtake, it prompts the TFSI to cut in via the K0 separating clutch. In the boost mode the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron accelerates with all of 350 Nm torque (258.15 lb-ft).

When the driver releases the accelerator at high speed, the hybrid management enters the gliding mode. Now both drives are entirely deactivated and are no longer developing braking torque. When stepping off the accelerator at medium and low speeds, the system recovers energy through coasting recuperation; braking recuperation then becomes active when the brake pedal is pressed, except if a full brake application is needed.

The driver has several ways of actively managing the vehicle’s response. They can choose from three programs using a button in the driving area and the e-S tronic selector lever. The EV characteristic map gives priority to electric drive, whereas the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron behaves very sportily in the S program. The hybrid hold mode can be selected via a menu in the MMI. This mode preserves the electrical energy stored in the battery for later use. In addition, the driver can specify detailed settings in the Audi drive select control system. Different stages of coasting recuperation are permanently assigned to the individual Audi drive select modes. Within certain ranges, this enables the driver to influence how the battery is charged while on the move.

The Audi A3 Sportback e-tron displays supply precise information about the driveline status. The powermeter in the instrument cluster shows the system’s overall output, as well as the status of the driveline and the battery charge. The monitor for the MMI navigation plus shows the energy flows in the hybrid system. In addition, the driver information system displays the operating ranges and consumption figures for electricity and gasoline.

Under the Audi connect umbrella Audi is currently developing an entire portfolio of innovative online services for the A3 Sportback e-tron. Drivers can use these to monitor and manage a wide range of functions via their iOS or android smartphone or via a web portal.

The driver can call up the car’s status – such as the battery’s momentary charge status, the electric range or its current parked location. They can program charging schemes remotely from their mobile phone or computer. They have the option of starting and stopping charging or setting the charging timer and climate control scheme to reflect when they next plan to drive the car. They can thus specify in detail at what time on what days they want to drive off with the battery fully charged.

The climate control planner, the third aspect, works similarly. The owner of an Audi A3 Sportback e-tron can for instance specify a target temperature for the interior according to a differentiated timetable. Adjusting the climate in advance while still hooked to the power socket is much more efficient than when driving electrically, because it does not then constitute a drain on the car battery and thus optimizes the electric range. In addition, it also adjusts the drive components to the appropriate temperature for the conditions. Finally, the web portal gives the owner the chance to check their trip data, e.g. power consumption, distance driven and speed.